880,158 research outputs found
Bulk Density Protocol
The purpose of this resource is to measure the bulk density of each horizon in a soil profile. In the field, students collect three soil samples from each horizon in a soil profile using a container with a measured volume. In the classroom, students weigh the samples, dry them, and weigh them again to determine their dry mass and water content. Students then sieve the dry soil samples and measure the mass and volume of any rocks and material with dimensions greater than 2 mm. Students use the Bulk Density Data Sheet to calculate the soil bulk density for each sample. Educational levels: Middle school, High school
Pembuatan dan Pengujian Bulk Density, Fluks Magnetik, dan Mikrostruktur pada Hybrid Magnet Berbasis NdFeB / BaFe12O19
Telah dilakukan pembuatan hybrid magnet permanen berbasis NdFeB dengan penambahan BaFe12O19 ( 5, 10, 15, dan 20 % wt). Aplikasi hybrid magnet permanen NdFeB untuk komponen motor dan generator listrik skala kecil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya penambahan BaFe12O19 terhadap densitas, fluks magnetik dan mikrostruktur dari hybrid magnet NdFeB. Proses preparasi bahan baku mulai dari pencampuran serbuk NdFeB tipe MQP-B+ dengan BaFe12O19, digerus dan dicampur bahan perekat Epoxy Resin sebanyak 6 %wt dan dicetak dengan gaya 8 tonf sehingga membentuk pellet dengan diameter 18,5 dan tebal 4,3 mm. Sampel yang telah dicetak kemudian dikeringkan pada kondisi vacuum (±15 mbar) dengan temperatur 80°C ditahan selama 1 jam. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan meliputi pengukuran bulk density, microstructurer menggunakan Optical Microscope dan sifat magnet dengan menggunakan Gaussmeter. Dari hasil karakterisasi secara keseluruhan diperoleh kondisi optimum pada komposisi hybrid magnet NdFeB adalah 95% NdFeB, 5 %wt BaFe12O19 . Sifat-sifat hybrid magnet NdFeB tersebut adalah bulk density = 4,469 g/cm3, Fluks magnetik = 1029,85 Gauss, ukuran bulir (grain size) sekitar 4,1 – 5,2 µm
Density and conformation with relaxed substrate, bulk, and interface electrophoretic deposition of polymer chains
Characteristics of relaxed density profile and conformation of polymer chains
are studied by a Monte Carlo simulation on a discrete lattice in three
dimensions using different segmental (kink-jump , crank-shaft , reptation
) dynamics. Three distinct density regimes, substrate, bulk, and interface,
are identified. With the segmental dynamics we find that the substrate
coverage grows with a power-law, with a field
dependent nonuniversal exponent . The bulk volume
fraction and the substrate polymer density () increases
exponentially with the field (, ) in
the low field regime. The interface polymer density increases with the
molecular weight. With the segmental dynamics, bulk and substrate density
decreases linearly with the temperature at high temperatures. The bulk volume
fraction is found to decay with the molecular weight, . The radius of gyration remains Gaussian in all density regions.Comment: Changed double to single spacin
Microwave performance of high-density bulk MgB2
We have performed microwave measurements on superconducting
hot-isostatically- pressed (HIPed) bulk MgB2 using a parallel-plate resonator
technique. The high density and strength of the HIPed material allowed
preparation of samples with mirror-like surfaces for microwave measurements.
The microwave surface resistance decreased by about 40% at 20 K when the
root-mean-square surface roughness was reduced from 220 nm to 110 nm through
surface-polishing and ion-milling. The surface resistance was independent of
surface microwave magnetic field at least up to 4 Oe and below 30 K. We
attribute this behavior, and the overall low surface resistance (~0.8 mOhms at
10 GHz and 20 K), to the high density of our samples and the absence of weak
links between grains
Magnetic levitation force between a superconducting bulk magnet and a permanent magnet
The current density in a disk-shaped superconducting bulk magnet and the
magnetic levitation force exerted on the superconducting bulk magnet by a
cylindrical permanent magnet are calculated from first principles. The effect
of the superconducting parameters of the superconducting bulk is taken into
account by assuming the voltage-current law and the material law. The magnetic
levitation force is dominated by the remnant current density, which is induced
by switching off the applied magnetizing field. High critical current density
and flux creep exponent may increase the magnetic levitation force. Large
volume and high aspect ratio of the superconducting bulk can enhance the
magnetic levitation force further.Comment: 18 pages and 8 figure
Fluctuations of water near extended hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces
We use molecular dynamics simulations of the SPC-E model of liquid water to
derive probability distributions for water density fluctuations in probe
volumes of different shapes and sizes, both in the bulk as well as near
hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. To obtain our results, we introduce a
biased sampling of coarse-grained densities, which in turn biases the actual
solvent density. The technique is easily combined with molecular dynamics
integration algorithms. Our principal result is that the probability for
density fluctuations of water near a hydrophobic surface, with or without
surface-water attractions, is akin to density fluctuations at the water-vapor
interface. Specifically, the probability of density depletion near the surface
is significantly larger than that in bulk. In contrast, we find that the
statistics of water density fluctuations near a model hydrophilic surface are
similar to that in the bulk
Population inversion of a NAHS mixture adsorbed into a cylindrical pore
A cylindrical nanopore immersed in a non-additive hard sphere binary fluid is
studied by means of integral equation theories and Monte Carlo simulations. It
is found that at low and intermediate values of the bulk total number density
the more concentrated bulk species is preferentially absorbed by the pore, as
expected. However, further increments of the bulk number density lead to an
abrupt population inversion in the confined fluid and an entropy driven
prewetting transition at the outside wall of the pore. These phenomena are a
function of the pore size, the non-additivity parameter, the bulk number
density, and particles relative number fraction. We discuss our results in
relation to the phase separation in the bulk.Comment: 7 pages, 8 Figure
Thermodynamic properties and bulk viscosity near phase transition in the Z(2) and O(4) models
We investigate the thermodynamic properties including equation of state, the
trace anomaly, the sound velocity and the specific heat, as well as transport
properties like bulk viscosity in the Z(2) and O(4) models in the Hartree
approximation of Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis (CJT) formalism. We study these
properties in different cases, e.g. first order phase transition, second order
phase transition, crossover and the case without phase transition, and discuss
the correlation between the bulk viscosity and the thermodynamic properties of
the system. We find that the bulk viscosity over entropy density ratio exhibits
an upward cusp at the second order phase transition, and a sharp peak at the
1st order phase transition. However, this peak becomes smooth or disappears in
the case of crossover. This indicates that at RHIC, where there is no real
phase transition and the system experiences a crossover, the bulk viscosity
over entropy density might be small, and it will not affect too much on
hadronization. We also suggest that the bulk viscosity over entropy density
ratio is a better quantity than the shear viscosity over entropy density ratio
to locate the critical endpoint.Comment: 19 pages, 30 figures, 1 tabl
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